A Second Helping: Ephesians 4:25-27

Here are some additional notes on from my sermon preparation on Ephesians 4:25-27. The sermon can found here.

1. The connections between Zechariah 8 and Ephesians 4 are intriguing. Zechariah 8 envisions a new restored Israel where God dwells in “truth and righteousness.” (8:8) The Hebrew word for truth is used six times in Zechariah with five of those times coming between 8:1-19. The use of truth in Zechariah 8 along with the its use Ephesians 4:15, 21, 25 makes one commentator say, “It is difficult to resist the conclusion that the brief citation of Zech. 8.16 in Eph. 4.25 is but the tip of the iceberg in terms of the role Zech. 8 plays in the thought of the author of Ephesians.”  The Old Testament community that is promised in Zechariah 8 has become reality in Ephesians 4.

2. We have all heard the phrase “little white lies.” Satan loves to seduce us into believing that our sins are not as great as they actually are. Is lying really a problem. Listen to the Apostle John,  “…all liars shall have their part in the lake which burns with fire and brimstone, which is the second death.” (Revelation 21:8) If lying is a habit, Hell will be your habitation.

3. St. Chrysostom: “There is nothing, no nothing, so productive of enmity [hatred] as deceit and guile.”

4. Should we be worried if we get angry often? Is it really a big deal if we have a sharp temper?  Listen to John Calvin, “Be assured, then, that we are, as it were, banished from the school of Christ and his church when we stir up hostility and conflict among men.” (Sermon on “Blessed are the Peacemakers”)

5. We lie because we want to look better than we are or to get something we want. We get angry because we have lost sight of God’s sovereignty over our situation.  Both of these show a lack of trust in God to provide what we need and to vindicate us when we are harmed.

Sermon Notes: Ephesians 4:25-28

Exordium
            Coming down from the mountain can be painful. Remember Moses. He spent forty days in the glory cloud, surround by the Shekinah glory of Yahweh.  had to come down from the mountain. He had been up there with God, getting the Ten Commandments. God’s glory shone all around him. But then he had to come down.
Paul moves from the lofty and abstract, putting off and putting on, to the “nitty gritty specifics of the Christian life.” (J. Stott)
Exegesis
Paul does not just tell what we shouldn’t do, but also what we should do.  We must put off and put on. The absence of weeds does not make it a garden. If you do not put on what is right, while also working putting off the sin, you will not win the battle.
a.     Illustration: Catechism questions
 
As a church we want to be connected with one another. One aim and goal at Christ Church is that there is deep fellowship with one another. It is the explicit vision of the leaders of Christ Church that you are involved in one another’s lives. We want to hear about you eating with one another. Playing games with each other. Working over at one another’s houses. Why? Because this is the vision of the Scriptures.  This entire section assumes close contact with other believers. It assumes an interconnectedness with one another.  But his interconnectedness does not mean less problems it actually means more.
      Think about when you got married or maybe when you became close friends with someone. From afar people are often a lot more lovable than they are close up.  It is not until we close to someone that we see the warts.
     Do not lie, but instead speak the truth. (Zech 8:16)
a.       Reason: We are members of each other

Lying is any way we shade the truth. We can tell a direct lie. But we also lie when we slander someone’s reputation. When we speak ill or make someone sound worse than they are. When we pretend like we have done something, but we did not. We lie when we make excuses for our sins instead of owning them. We lie when we flatter someone. We lie when we speak the truth, but do it to destroy instead of build up. Speak the best of everyone as far as we can. When we rebuke it must be because we are on their side. Love must precede a rebuke. The intention has got to match the language.
Examples of lying in our culture: Politicians, advertising, coaches.  We live in a culture of liars. Men who shade the truth. Men who refuse to acknowledge they were wrong. Men who make excuses. Classrooms are filled with teachers who lie and students who lie. Why? Because Satan is the father of lies and Jesus is the way, the truth, and the life. Advertising is built on lying.  My wife commented the other night that most commercials give the impression that you are young forever. You drink this water every day. You should not assume that you do not lie. You should not assume that you do not shade the truth.
Illustration: Todd Graham, coach at Pitt
Why do we lie? We lie because we have sinned and do not want someone else to know. We lie because we want to look better than we actually or to make someone else look worse. We lie to get what we want.  We lie because we are selfish. Lying is almost always a way of protecting ourselves or elevating ourselves or getting what we want. It is initially helpful. We lied on our resume to get a job. We lied to our wife so she wouldn’t get mad. But really we have shoved the rotting food further back in the fridge. Eventually it will begin to stink.  Also lying is usually expedient. We lie because at first it is the easiest way out. At first, it provides us with an escape.
What does lying to do us? First, it puts a wall between you and spiritual growth. Second, lying is like stabbing your own body.  We are members of one another. When you lie you do not lie by yourself in a room somewhere. You lie with all of us attached to you. Imagine your eye lying for just one moment. Imagine your eye saying the light was green when it was red.
So what are some things you can do to combat lying. First, love God’s people. A deep love for the people of God and knowing that you belong to them will eliminate a lot of sins.
Second, examine your motivation for saying what you are saying. Why are you saying what you are saying? Is it pride? Is it because you are trying to get your way? Is it because you are trying to tear someone down?  Examine your motives. Too often we look at what we do and not why we do what we do.
            Third, take any breach of the truth with the utmost seriousness. We like to make excuses for what we view as small sins, little lies that really do not matter. But they do.  The first step towards a life characterized by truth is refusing to lie about anything, no matter how small. So be completely honest about who you are and what you are doing.
     
  Do not sin in your anger instead deal with it immediately. (c.f. Psalm 4:4, James 1:19-20)
a.        Reason: If you don’t you will give the Devil a foothold.
The second thing we must put off is unrighteous anger.
What is righteous anger? Anger that has God’s glory at the center of it. Anger that is because we love God and we love the person in front of us. Anger that does not aim to destroy, but aims to restore. That is righteous anger. Anger can often arise because of legitimate reasons. We have at least two examples of Christ becoming angry. These are instructive for us. What did he become upset at?  In Mark 3 Jesus become angry because the Pharisees were upset that he was healing a man on the Sabbath.
Sinful anger is selfish and uncontrolled.  Sinful anger is not out of love for God and love for my neighbor it is out of love for self.
Excuses we make for anger. We like to believe we are the exception to the rule. That we have legitimate reasons, but others do not.  Here are some common excuses we make for getting angry.
1.       Someone has offended us or sinned against us. .
2.       We are embarrassed.
3.       We are tired.
4.       We feel threatened.
5.       Bruce the “subtle temptation to regard my anger as righteous indignation and other people’s anger as sheer bad temper.”
By the way anger does not have to mean big blow up. Anger can be a slow smoldering flame that comes out in subtle, but biting ways. The sharp word spoken very quietly but meant to cut deep. That payback you get to fellow workers when
1.       Anger itself is not a sin, but it is filled with temptation. Your anger is rarely justified.
2.       Deal with your anger quickly. Anger must not be nursed and fed. This will probably mean repenting of it. It is a poison that will rot our souls if we do not eradicate it. For many of us anger is like a smoldering coal that we keep secretly burning so might burn someone. Strive for quick and complete reconciliation.  Remember anger is not always visible. It can simmer below the surface, hidden like a rotting apple.
a.       Illustration: Pear that rots from inside out.
3.       The Devil hangs around angry people. Being angry is like putting a welcome mat out for the Devil.  The Devil is always looking for an opportunity to destroy the unity of the body. Remember he is not so concerned about you, as he is about the name of Christ and his body. When you are angry you become a tool for the Devil to tear apart the body of Christ.
a.       Illustration: Weak part of a defensive line in football.
4.       Unrighteous anger is functional denial of God’s sovereignty. We are saying that God is not in control and I must do something.
The psalmist urges his listeners to not sin in their anger because God is in control and has set them apart for himself.
            So how do we deal with anger? What are we to do when we are angry?  First, we need to trust in God more. Almost all of our anger is a functional denial of God’s sovereignty. We must become God because he has dropped the ball. The lady at the checkout is taking too long. Why? Because God ordained it. Even when someone sins against us we need to be patient. In Romans 12 Paul tell us to
            Second, assume your anger is wrong.
            Third, be very slow to anger.  Proverbs 14:19, 19:11 and James 1:19-20.
            Fourth, deal with any anger quickly and completely
            Fifth, get angry at the things that anger God.
Christ has called us to salt and light. We are the redeemed, the elect of God. We have been called to unity. We have been called to live separate from the world. We cannot do this if our lives are characterized by lying and anger.  Let us fall down before Almighty God, asking him to forgive us for our hardness of heart and stubbornness of will. Let us pray that he will help us to mortify the deeds  of the flesh and put on the fruit of the Spirit. Let us pray this not just for ourselves, but for all his people.

Who We Were and Who We Are

Throughout Ephesians Paul loves to compare our former, lost, and hopeless condition with our present state of glory and salvation in Christ. Paul did not want us to forget who we had been outside of Christ.  Reminding us of this should keep us from pride, give us joyful hearts, and lead us to praise God.  There are many contrasts, both implicit and explicit, in Ephesians. Here are three of the most explicit in the epistle.

Ephesians 2:1-4 We were dead in our sins, but now we are alive in Christ.
Two notes about this contrast. First, it puts God’s power, love, and mercy at the center of our change.  Dead men don’t get up and walk out in their own power.  We played no part in being born again. Second, the transformation is total. You are either dead or alive. There isn’t any middle ground.

Ephesians 2:12-13 We were strangers, but now we have been brought near by the blood of Christ.
Three notes about this contrast. First, salvation is about being brought near to God. It is about our relationship with him. As John Piper says, “God is the Gospel.” The aim of our salvation is not simply the saving of our soul and bodies. It is a saving so that we might be close to God. Second, we have become part of the New Israel. We were outside, aliens to nation of Israel. Now we are inside, citizens with all the rights that come with that title. Third, this contrast has priest and Temple written all over. Who could come near to God in the Old Testament? Well, it wasn’t us Gentiles. But now we are priests in the Temple of God.

Ephesians 5:8 We were once darkness, but now we are light in the Lord. 
Two notes about this one. First, we are light. We don’t become light when we do this or that. Jesus says the same thing in Matthew 5:14.  Just by existing we expose darkness. Just by existing we shine for Christ. Second, like the previous two contrasts, we are light because we are in Christ.  Christ is the fountain of every blessing we have believers. He is head from which all good things flow. Outside of him we are dead, aliens, and darkness. In Him, we are alive, citizens, and light.  Every good thing we are or will do has come about because of our union with Christ.

Second Helping: Ephesians 4:17-24

Here are some additional notes from my sermon on Ephesians 4:17-24. The sermon itself can be found here.

1. I have really enjoyed St. Chrysostom’s homilies on Ephesians. His illustrations have been a particular delight. My preaching is not strong on illustrations. He has been a great prod for me to get better at illuminating my points by illustrating them. For example, as he preached on Ephesians 4:19 and the phrase “being past feeling” he said this: “Though thou apply the word to them like fire or steel, yet nothing touches, nothing reaches them; their limb is utterly dead.” Most of his illustrations are like this one, short and taken from everyday life. John Calvin’s sermon illustrations are a lot like Chrystostom’s.

2. There is debate on whether the phrases in Ephesians 4:22-24, “put off and put on” should be translated as something past or something we are to do.  Have we put off the old man and put on the new? (See Colossians 3:9)  Or are we to put off the old man and put on the new? (See Romans 13:14) There are good arguments for both.  I think the context, especially 4:25-5:2, would point towards the latter translation.  In this section, Paul is exhorting us to action. He has already devoted several chapters to discussing who we are. (Chapter 1-3)  Now he is telling us how we are to live.

3. Charles Hodge and John Calvin both think the last part 4:24, (which was created according to God in true righteousness and holiness, NKJV) is about the restoration of the image of God in us, which was lost when Adam fell. Here is what John Calvin says, “The regeneration of the godly is indeed…nothing else than the formation anew of the image of God in them.”  And later, “The design contemplated by regeneration is to recall us from our wanderings to that end for which we were created.”

4. “Truth” in verse 21 is a reference to moral truth, or ethical truth. Paul is saying, “how we are to live is found by looking at Jesus.”

A Second Helping of Ephesians 4:1-16

Pastors are collectors. We collect books, notes, anecdotes, quotes, oddities about the Greek/Hebrew text, etc. Most of this collecting is done during sermon preparation. However, when we preach a lot of this collected data gets left at home.  It seems a shame to let it go to waste. So here are some additional notes on Ephesians 4:1-16 that I scavenged while preparing to preach. If you would like to hear the sermon you can go here.

1. Verses 4-6 have a Trinitarian shape. There is one Spirit, one Lord, one God and Father of us all. This Trinitarian shape is why we can have unity (verses 1-6), but a diversity of gifts (verse 7).

2. Charles Hodge on the unity of the Spirit. “As hatred, pride, and contention among Christians cause the Spirit to withdraw from them, so love and peace secure his presence. And as his presence is the condition and source of all good, and his absence the source of all evil, the importance of the duty enjoined [unity] cannot be over estimated.”

3. Verses 11-12 are  some of the most debated verses in the New Testament. Two problems are presented. Is verse 11 talking about 4 offices (apostles, prophets, evangelists, pastor/teacher) or 5 offices (apostles, prophets, evangelists, pastor, and teacher)? Second, is verse 12 talking about three things the teaching offices do or one the teaching office does (equip) and two things the saints do (the work of the ministry and the building up of the body)? It is interesting how interpretations shift over time. In the reformation era the 5 office view and teaching offices doing all three were the dominant interpretations of the verses.  Today the ground has shifted to exactly the opposite.

4. A diversity of gifts does not harm the Body of Christ, but on the contrary makes it healthy.

5. The only other verse in the New Testament where word for “tossed to and fro” is used is James 1:16. 

6. “Speaking the truth in love” in verse 15 is talking about speaking doctrinal truth. It is connected with verse 14. It is not talking just about lying, but rather about false teaching.  Paul uses “truth” in a similar way in 4:21.

7. The body is built up/edified when each part does its share. (verse 16)